| "Turn! Turn! Turn!" | ||||
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1965 German picture sleeve. |
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| Single by The Byrds | ||||
| from the album Turn! Turn! Turn! | ||||
| B-side | "She Don't Care About Time" | |||
| Released | October 29, 1965 | |||
| Format | 7" Single | |||
| Recorded | September 1, September 10, September 14–16, 1965, Columbia Studios, Hollywood, CA | |||
| Genre | Folk rock | |||
| Length | 3:49 | |||
| Label | Columbia | |||
| Writer(s) | Book of Ecclesiastes, Pete Seeger | |||
| Producer | Terry Melcher | |||
| The Byrds singles chronology | ||||
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"Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There Is a Season)", often abbreviated to "Turn! Turn! Turn!", is a song adapted entirely from the Book of Ecclesiastes in the Bible (with the exception of the last line) and put to music by Pete Seeger in 1959. Seeger waited until 1962 to record his own version of it, releasing the song on his The Bitter and the Sweet album on Columbia Records.[1]
The song became an international hit in late 1965, when it was covered by the American folk rock band The Byrds, reaching #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #26 on the UK Singles Chart. Many biblical scholars believe that Ecclesiastes 1:1 implies King Solomon (born c. 1011 BC) as the book's author, but regardless of its precise origins, The Byrds' rendition of the song easily holds the record for the number 1 hit with the oldest lyrics.
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The lyrics are taken almost verbatim from the Book of Ecclesiastes, as found in the King James Version (1611) of the Bible[2](Ecclesiastes 3:1), though the sequence of the words was rearranged for the song. Ecclesiastes is traditionally ascribed to King Solomon.
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The Biblical text posits there being a time and place for all things: laughter and sorrow, healing and killing, war and peace, and so on. The lines are open to myriad interpretations, but as a song they are commonly performed as a plea for world peace, with an emphasis on the closing line: "a time for peace, I swear it's not too late." This line and the title phrase "Turn! Turn! Turn!" are the only parts of the lyric written by Seeger himself.[1]
The song is notable for being one of a few instances in popular music in which a large portion of scripture is set to music, other examples being The Melodians' "Rivers of Babylon", Sister Janet Mead's "The Lord's Prayer", and U2's "40".
The song was published in illustrated book form by Simon & Schuster in September 2003, with an accompanying CD which contained both Seeger & The Byrds recordings of the song (ISBN 0689852355 & ISBN 978-0689852350). Wendy Anderson Halperin created a set of detailed illustrations for each set of opposites which are reminiscent of mandalas. The book also includes the Ecclesiastes text from the King James version of the Bible.
Handwritten lyrics to the song were among the documents donated to New York University by the Communist Party USA in March 2007.[3]
45% of the royalties for the song are donated to the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions, because, in Seeger's own words, "[in addition to the music] I did write six words."[4]
The song was first released by the folk group The Limeliters on their 1962 album Folk Matinee, under the title "To Everything There Is a Season".[1][5] The Limeliters' version predated the release of Seeger's own version by several months. One of The Limeliter's backing musicians at this time was Jim McGuinn (aka Roger McGuinn), who would later work with folk singer Judy Collins, rearranging the song for her 1963 album, Judy Collins 3.[1] Collins' recording of the song was retitled as "Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There Is a Season)", a title that would be used intermittently by McGuinn's later band The Byrds, when they released a cover of the song in 1965. Australian folk singer Gary Shearston also recorded a version of the song for his 1964 album Songs of Our Time, under the title "Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There Is a Season)".[6]
"Turn! Turn! Turn!" was the third single by the American folk rock band The Byrds and was released on October 1, 1965 by Columbia Records (see 1965 in music).[7] The song was also included on the band's second album, Turn! Turn! Turn!, which was released on December 6, 1965.[7] The Byrds' single (b/w "She Don't Care About Time") is the most successful recorded version of the song, having reached #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 charts and #26 on the UK Singles Chart.[8][9] The Byrds' version distinguishes the song as the #1 pop hit with the oldest lyrics, dating back to the Book of Ecclesiastes.[10] Many biblical scholars believe Ecclesiastes 1:1 implies King Solomon as the book's author; thus, if true, giving Solomon (born c. 1011 BC) lyrical credit for a number one hit.
The song had first been arranged by The Byrds' lead guitarist Jim McGuinn in a chamber-folk style during sessions for Judy Collins' 1963 album, Judy Collins 3.[11] The idea of reviving the song came to McGuinn during The Byrds' July 1965 tour of the American Midwest, when his future wife, Dolores, requested the tune on the Byrds' tour bus.[12][13] The rendition that McGuinn dutifully played came out sounding not like a folk song but more like a rock/folk hybrid, perfectly in keeping with The Byrds' current status as pioneers of the folk rock genre.[13] McGuinn explained "It was a standard folk song by that time, but I played it and it came out rock ‘n’ roll because that’s what I was programmed to do like a computer. I couldn’t do it as it was traditionally. It came out with that samba beat, and we thought it would make a good single."[13]
The master recording of the song reputedly took 78 takes, spread over five days of recording, to complete.[14][15] The song's plea for peace and tolerance struck a nerve with the American record buying public as the Vietnam War continued to escalate.[1] The single also solidified folk rock as a chart trend and, like the band's previous hits, continued The Byrds' successful mix of vocal harmony and jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar playing.[1] Pete Seeger expressed his approval of the Byrd's rendition of the song.[16] During 1965 and 1966, the band performed the song on the television programs Hollywood A Go-Go, Shindig!, The Ed Sullivan Show, and Where the Action Is, as well as in the concert film, The Big T.N.T. Show.[17] Additionally, the song would go on to become a staple of The Byrds' live concert repertoire, until their final disbandment in 1973.[18] The song was also performed live by a reformed line-up of The Byrds featuring Roger McGuinn, David Crosby and Chris Hillman in January 1989.[19] In addition to its appearance on the Turn! Turn! Turn! album, the song also appears on several Byrds' compilations, including The Byrds' Greatest Hits, History of The Byrds, The Original Singles: 1965–1967, Volume 1, The Byrds, 20 Essential Tracks From The Boxed Set: 1965-1990, The Very Best of The Byrds, The Essential Byrds and There Is a Season.[1]
Nearly three decades after the Byrds released the song as a single, the recording was featured prominently in the 1994 movie Forrest Gump,[20] in the scene where the film's love interest, Jenny, says goodbye to Forrest before going back to California. The song was also featured in Jim Sheridan's 2002 film, In America, although it was not included on the official soundtrack.[21][22] Following Joe Cocker's cover of "With a Little Help from My Friends", the song was the first to play on the first episode of the television series The Wonder Years.[23] It was also used in a Wonder Years parody, during The Simpsons episode, "Three Men and a Comic Book".[24] In 2003, it was used in the closing sequence of the Cold Case episode "A Time to Hate" (Season One, episode 7).
The song has been covered by a number of other artists:
| Preceded by "I Hear a Symphony" by The Supremes |
Billboard Hot 100 number one single (The Byrds version) December 4, 1965 (three weeks) |
Succeeded by "Over and Over" by The Dave Clark Five |